En términos de entornos de trabajo difíciles, no hay muchos más desafiantes que la minería. Y la principal prioridad para los operadores de minas es la seguridad de sus empleados. Claramente, ningún empresario quiere que se arriesgue la salud y el bienestar de sus trabajadores más de lo absolutamente necesario en un entorno de trabajo potencialmente peligroso. La gran mayoría de los operadores de minas se concentran en el objetivo de cero pérdidas de vidas o lesiones.
Además, en un sector altamente regulado como la minería, cualquier incidente, por pequeño que sea, deberá ser investigado a fondo y probablemente provocará multas que pueden ser severas y, en casos extremos, la licencia de explotación de la organización minera podría verse afectada. Las operaciones mineras también pueden verse interrumpidas por fallas en el equipo, y las reparaciones posteriores al incidente y el reemplazo nuevamente causan costosos tiempos de inactividad: ante este escenario, cualquier oportunidad de mantenimiento proactivo será la clave para unas operaciones eficientes y continuas. Es en este sentido, donde las soluciones de videovigilancia aportan un valor agregado al sector.
¿Qué aporta la videovigilancia al sector minero?
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Mejora la visibilidad
La imagen común que se tiene de una mina suele ser la de un laberinto de túneles mal iluminados en las profundidades del subsuelo. Si bien no todas las minas implican trabajo subterráneo, aunque muchas lo hacen, la mala visibilidad siempre es un desafío común. En áreas de poca visibilidad, las tecnologías diseñadas para lidiar con poca luz o incluso cerca de la oscuridad son ahora comunes en las cámaras de vigilancia.
Las cámaras térmicas y los análisis también aportan beneficios cuando la visibilidad está parcial o totalmente oculta. Sin embargo, en el contexto de la minería, la visibilidad no sólo puede verse afectada por la falta de luz. Donde se excavan, mueven y procesan toneladas de tierra, un subproducto inevitable del proceso de minería es el polvo. Es algo que no solo puede afectar la visibilidad, sino que tiene implicaciones para la operación minera en su conjunto. Las nubes de polvo creadas y lanzadas hacia casas, escuelas y negocios causan más que una simple molestia: representan un riesgo real para el medio ambiente y la salud. Y, en un entorno donde la maquinaria pesada y los vehículos son comunes, el efecto del polvo en la visibilidad de los operadores puede crear un peligro adicional.
Ignacio Cabañas, Key Account Manager en Axis, señala que las cámaras equipadas con aplicaciones de análisis basadas en el aprendizaje profundo ahora pueden detectar y monitorear una variedad mucho mayor de objetos, incluidas las nubes de polvo, lo que permite tomar medidas correctivas o la advertencia proactiva de las comunidades y los trabajadores locales.
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Gestionar los riesgos de las máquinas mineras
Un riesgo adicional planteado en la industria minera, que puede verse agravado por la mala visibilidad, proviene del gran tamaño de la maquinaria utilizada en las operaciones mineras. Las palas mineras, las máquinas que se utilizan para excavar grandes cantidades de tierra y roca, son enormes piezas de maquinaria. Simplemente, los camiones que se utilizan para transportar tierra, rocas y minerales alrededor de la operación minera, pueden pesar más de 500 toneladas cuando están cargados y tener más de siete metros o 22 pies de altura. Los riesgos de operar maquinaria tan enorme son evidentes. Estos riesgos se relacionan tanto con la seguridad de los empleados de la mina como, a un costo de millones de dólares y como parte esencial de las operaciones mineras, las implicaciones de cualquier accidente entre vehículos y maquinaria. Las unidades de manejo de desastres cerrarán las partes relevantes de las operaciones para investigar cualquier incidente, y el costo de reparar o reemplazar la maquinaria dañada puede ser significativo. Como tal, el uso de cámaras en los transportes, reforzadas para lidiar con la naturaleza de la minería, es cada vez más común para ayudar a los operadores y conductores con la conciencia y la seguridad. Además de las cámaras visuales, las cámaras equipadas con imágenes térmicas pueden ser una ayuda invaluable cuando la visibilidad se ve oscurecida por el polvo que inevitablemente se crea al transportar material desde el suelo. Las cámaras corporales también tienen potencial, particularmente para entrenamiento e investigación posterior al incidente.
-
Eficiencia operativa
Si bien la seguridad es, con razón, la prioridad número uno para los operadores de minas, la videovigilancia tiene un papel importante que desempeñar en otras áreas clave: la eficiencia operativa.
La minería es un proceso conectado y cualquier interrupción tendrá costosos efectos colaterales. Siempre es mejor prevenir que resolver un incidente, y el mantenimiento proactivo antes de la falla es óptimo. Las cámaras de video colocadas en puntos clave a lo largo de las cintas transportadoras se pueden conectar a los sensores de carga; una cinta transportadora sobrecargada es más propensa a romperse, lo que alerta a los operadores cuando los niveles de carga exceden los límites y permiten la verificación visual. Sin embargo, crear imágenes de alta calidad en situaciones donde el movimiento de estructuras y vibraciones puede ser un verdadero desafío. En estas condiciones, la tecnología de estabilización de imagen garantizará un video nítido y constante.
Las cámaras de lectura de temperatura también se pueden usar para monitorear, por ejemplo, cables eléctricos y subestaciones, dando una advertencia temprana de problemas e incluso disparando automáticamente el sistema y apagando el equipo antes de que ocurra una falla catastrófica.
De acuerdo con Ignacio Cabañas, especialista de Axis, “Las múltiples funciones y formatos de las cámaras de videovigilancia modernas, junto con las capacidades térmicas, de poca luz y el análisis inteligente, significan que existe una solución para todos los aspectos de las operaciones de una mina”. Y no es sólo la funcionalidad la que está diseñada para las demandas únicas del sector minero. Señala también que “las cámaras resistentes y las que usan carcasas de acero inoxidable pueden soportar tanto los rigores de las operaciones mineras como las duras condiciones climáticas que a menudo se encuentran en los lugares donde se lleva a cabo la minería. Calor y frío extremos, viento, lluvia, hielo, arena y polvo, las cámaras se prueban y certifican según los estándares más estrictos de la industria”.
Es importante que los problemas potenciales con la infraestructura técnica no impidan que los operadores mineros vean los beneficios de la tecnología de vigilancia moderna. En entornos donde el ancho de banda y el almacenamiento pueden ser casi tan valiosos como los productos que se extraen, la tecnología de compresión de video como Zipstream pasa a primer plano, preservando los detalles de las secuencias de video mientras reduce las necesidades de ancho de banda y almacenamiento en un promedio del 50%.
“Y donde la integración entre dispositivos y sistemas de control es fundamental, el uso de productos basados en estándares abiertos ofrece ventajas adicionales”, concluyó el experto.
Síganos en LinkedIn, Facebook, Twitter e Instagram
Para obtener más información acerca de Axis, por favor visite nuestro sitio web www.axis.com o póngase en contacto con:
Jenyffer Martínez
jeen@comunimix.com.mx
+52 (55) 4737 9683
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